科技是第一生产力******
作者：吴善超
复兴号以时速420公里交会和重联运行，智能型动车组实现时速350公里自动驾驶，都是世界首次；时速400公里可变轨距高速动车组下线，可实现跨国互联互通……中国高铁享誉世界，展现着科技创新的强大力量。
党的二十大报告提出：“必须坚持科技是第一生产力、人才是第一资源、创新是第一动力，深入实施科教兴国战略、人才强国战略、创新驱动发展战略，开辟发展新领域新赛道，不断塑造发展新动能新优势。”这深刻体现了我们党对科技推动生产力发展的规律性认识，进一步丰富发展了马克思主义生产力理论，为新征程上推进科技创新、实现创新发展提供了科学指引。
习近平总书记指出：“科技创新，就像撬动地球的杠杆，总能创造令人意想不到的奇迹。”科技是第一生产力，是先进生产力的集中体现和主要标志。人类历史上每一次重大科技进步都改进了劳动工具，提高了劳动者素质，带来劳动生产率极大提高、产业结构快速优化升级，给经济社会发展增添强大驱动力。当今时代，科技创新极大拓展人类认知的广度、深度、精度，是经济社会发展的重要引擎，也是应对许多全球性挑战的有力武器，日益成为影响世界现代化进程的关键变量。
以习近平同志为核心的党中央把握世界发展大势，立足当前、着眼长远，把科技自立自强作为国家发展的战略支撑，推动实施科教兴国战略、人才强国战略、创新驱动发展战略，坚定不移走中国特色自主创新道路，我国科技事业发生了历史性、整体性、格局性重大变化。“蛟龙”深潜、“嫦娥”揽月、“羲和”探日，云计算、人工智能、大数据等数字技术发挥积极作用，C919大型客机交付用户，载人航天创造多个“首次”……一系列重大创新成果竞相涌现，一些前沿领域开始进入并跑、领跑阶段，中国科技实力正在从量的积累迈向质的飞跃、从点的突破迈向系统能力提升。我国全球创新指数排名从2012年的第三十四位跃升至2022年的第十一位，科技进步贡献率从52.2%提升到超过60%，迈进创新型国家行列。
也要看到，我国科技创新能力还不够强，仍有不少“卡脖子”难题亟待解决，迫切需要更好发挥科技第一生产力的关键作用。进入新发展阶段，我国经济社会发展和民生改善更加需要科学技术解决方案，占领全球新一轮科技竞争制高点也更加需要完善科技创新体系，加快实施创新驱动发展战略，努力实现高水平科技自立自强。必须坚持创新在我国现代化建设全局中的核心地位，健全新型举国体制，强化国家战略科技力量，提升国家创新体系整体效能。集聚力量开展原创性引领性科技攻关，塑造新引擎、培育新动能，推动中国式现代化行稳致远。
习近平总书记指出：“科技创新活动不断突破地域、组织、技术的界限，演化为创新体系的竞争”。适应新形势新任务，要大力增强科技创新协同性，促进科技第一生产力优化布局。要聚焦协同之“的”，提升系统集成效率、效益、效能；明晰协同之“责”，明确功能定位，推动创新各主体、诸要素互动互促互补；架设协同之“桥”，发挥科技群团、社会组织等桥梁纽带作用，拓展创新合作网络。促进跨界协同，加强企业主导的产学研深度融合，推动创新链产业链资金链人才链深度融合。扩大国际科技交流合作，加强国际化科研环境建设，形成具有全球竞争力的开放创新生态。（吴善超）
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
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